A New Tectonic Model for the Contact Relationships of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Domains in the Principal Cordillera, Central Chile (33°–34°S)

T. Piñeiro, A. Encinas, D. Orts, N. Henríquez, W. Stinnesbeck, D. Kietzmann, P. Rossel, E. Núñez, V. A. Valencia
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Tectonics, Volume44, Issue11 November 2025
The origin of the contact between Cenozoic rocks of the Western Principal Cordillera (WPC) and Mesozoic rocks of the Eastern Principal Cordillera (EPC) in the Chilean Andes at 33°–34°S has been debated for several years. Most authors interpret this boundary as a regional-scale inverted fault that, during the early Miocene, thrust strata of the extensional Eocene-early Miocene Abanico Basin from the WPC over Mesozoic rocks of the EPC. To better constrain the nature of this boundary and determine the tectonostratigraphic evolution of this area of the Andes, we integrate new stratigraphic, structural, and geochronologic data. Our results indicate that faults previously interpreted as the boundary between the WPC and the EPC are, in fact, depositional contacts. The only fault we observed at the contact between these domains is the east-verging, generally overturned Las Arenas Fault that thrusts Mesozoic rocks over Cenozoic strata. Consequently, the boundary between the WPC and the EPC does not correspond to an inverted normal fault along the eastern margin of the Abanico Basin. Our structural analysis also suggests that Andean deformation initially propagated eastward during the early-middle Miocene and subsequently shifted westward in the middle-late Miocene, re-deforming both Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks previously affected by east-verging structures. We also highlight previously undocumented synorogenic deposits younger than 13.6 Ma, along with new geochronologic constraints for the basal Abanico Formation (∼21–18 Ma), which are younger than reported in earlier studies.
Pub-Kietzmann-A new Tectonic Model

Integrante

Foto Emilse Filgueira-400pxh
Emilse Abril
Filgueira
Licenciada en Ciencias Geológicas
Becaria doctoral
Ayudante de Segunda
Sedimentología
Caracterización estratigráfica, composicional y diagenética de la Formación Tambería (Catamarca), enfocada en sus implicancias para las etapas iniciales del antepaís andino.
emi.filguer@gmail.com

Seasonal biogeochemical variations in a modern microbialite reef under early Earth-like conditions

Federico A. Vignale, Laura Sánchez-García, Daniel Carrizo, Andrea Castillejos Sepúlveda, Heidi Taubner, Sebastián Oriolo, Alex L. Mitchell, Adrián G. Turjanski, Judith M. Klatt, Robert D. Finn, Maria M. Garcia-Alai & María E. Farías
2 025
Nature. Communications earth & environment 6, 751 (2025)
Microbialites are organosedimentary structures that have existed since the Precambrian and have endured through geological time, serving as archives of Earth’s environmental evolution. Today, they persist in only a few environments markedly different from those in which they first arose. Here, we report a modern microbialite reef in Laguna Pozo Bravo (Puna region, Argentina), exposed to high radiation, low oxygen pressure, and volcanic inputs reminiscent of early Earth. Through physicochemical, mineralogical, spectroscopic, electron microscopy, and metagenomic analyses, we identified diverse microbial communities with metabolic capacities that induce mineralisation. Seasonal environmental fluctuations drive cyclical changes in community composition, producing potential mineralisation patterns. Our findings suggest that carbon fixation and the metabolic drivers of alkalinity in microbialites may have evolved over time. Moreover, the variability in prokaryotic compositions among modern microbialites demonstrates that carbonate precipitation is governed by metabolic potential rather than taxonomy, reinforcing their role as dynamic records of environmental conditions.
Pub-Oriolo-Seasonal biogeochemical variations in-500pxh